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how solve this sum S n = 1 + 1/3 + 2/(3 ^ 2) + 3/(3 ^ 3) +...+ f_{n}/3^ n

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S n = 1 + 1/3 + 2/(3 ^ 2) + 3/(3 ^ 3) +...+ f_{n}/3^ n
a) calculer: 3S_{n}
3 * S_{n} - S_{n}
3(3S_{n} - S_{n})
b) En déduire une relation entre S_{n},S_{n - 2},f_{n} et n .

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ref{xyz} with usepackage{hyperref} not working correctly

I use pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.24 (TeX Live 2022) (preloaded format=pdflatex)

I put label on sections, figures, etc.

I include usepackage[colorlinks=true,urlcolor=blue]{hyperref}

I had been using texlive 2016. Until I installed texlive 2022, ref{xyz} produced only the number for xyz.

Now it includes the number, the title (section name, figure caption, …) what it is (section, figure, …) and then the number again.

For example, with an equation having label{Flow}, when I wrote “Equation (ref{Flow})” I used to get “Equation (2)”. Now I get “Equation (2Flowequation.3.2)”

This occurs both using documentclass{article} and a proprietary class for a professional journal. I haven’t tried others.

I’ve “compiled” in a fresh directory, so it’s not due to confusion caused by an old .aux file.

Without including hypeffef, I get only the number — but of course no hyperlink.

Is there a repair for this?

Is there a Wayland diagnostic to check for supported display resolutions?

So far as I can tell, the listed resolutions:

nicholas@mordor:~$ 
nicholas@mordor:~$ cat /sys/class/drm/card0/card0-VGA-1/modes 
1024x768
800x600
800x600
848x480
640x480
nicholas@mordor:~$ 
nicholas@mordor:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
Release:    22.04
Codename:   jammy
nicholas@mordor:~$ 

match what is shown in setting exactly. However, prior to logging out, higher resolutions were available.

Is there a diagnostic to re-check supported resolutions?

Is $ mu(E times F) leq nu(E times F) forall (E,F) implies mu(A) leq nu(A) forall A in mathcal{E} otimes mathcal{F} $ true?

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Let $(X,mathcal{E})$ and $(Y,mathcal{F})$ denote two measurable spaces and let $mu,nu$ denote two finite measures on $(X times Y, mathcal{E} otimes mathcal{F})$, where $mathcal{E} otimes mathcal{F}:= sigma(mathcal{E} times mathcal{F})$. Consider the claim

$$
mu(E times F) leq nu(E times F) text{ for all } (E,F) in mathcal{E} times mathcal{F} implies mu(A) leq nu(A) text{ for all } A in mathcal{E} otimes mathcal{F}.
$$

Question: Is this claim true?


Attempt:

Define the set $$
M = {A in mathcal{E} otimes mathcal{F} colon mu(A) leq nu(A)}.
$$

Then we want to show that $M = mathcal{E} otimes mathcal{F}$. Note that clearly $M subseteq mathcal{E} otimes mathcal{F}$. For the other inclusion, we have by assumption that $mathcal{E} times mathcal{F} subseteq M$ so it follows that $mathcal{E} otimes mathcal{F}= sigma(mathcal{E} times mathcal{F}) subseteq sigma (M)$ and hence it would suffice to show $M$ is a $sigma$-algebra.

However I am not sure this is the case. I can’t seem to show that $M$ is closed under complements and countable unions. In particular say for the union part, we can do the following:
$$
mu(bigcup_{n in mathbb{N}}A_n) leq sum_{n in mathbb{N}} mu(A_n) leq sum_{n in mathbb{N}} nu(A_n),
$$

but then we cannot go back to $nu(bigcup_{n in mathbb{N}}A_n)$. So this is where I am stuck.

I have also tried to look at Dynkin’s $pi$-theorem but at least I could not see how this was useful here.

Also I haven’t been able to come up with any counterexample yet.


As a final remark, I will just need to apply this result for $mathcal{E},mathcal{F} = mathcal{B(mathbb{R}^d}),mathcal{B(mathbb{R}^m})$ but I would like to prove it higher generality if this is indeed possible. If this is not possible, are there any conditions we can impose for it to hold? Any feedback/help is much appreciated!

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Problem to define a key and the associated value of a table from a variable

I’m sorry for the imprecision of my question but I couldn’t find a way to describe my problem correctly.

I created a new package and in the “lua” part, I use two classes, one for points and the other for lines. Two tables z and L are associated to these classes. In the first one are stored the points and in the second the lines.
For example for points z.a = point: new (1,2). This defines the point a whose affix (complex number) is 1+2i. In the table here the key is a and the value 1+2i . In the same way if a and b are defined, I can define a line with for example L.a__b = line: new (z.a,z.b). This is a bit more complicated because tables are stored in a table.

I may be wrong but I think my problem can be translated like this:
If x=a and y=b then how do I define a function that gives me L.a__b = line: new (z.a,z.b), L.x__y etc. gives nothing.

The package can be found on this page tkz-elements. You will find in the archive the code of tkz-elements a readme and a small documentation and several examples. All this is still experimental!

Here is the more complete code:

documentclass{article}
usepackage{tkz-euclide}
usepackage{tkz-elements}
begin{document}
parindent = 0pt

begin{elements}
z.a = point: new (0, -1)
z.b = point: new (4, 2)
z.c = point: new (1, 2)
z.d = point: new (-1, 3)
L.a__b = line: new (z.a,z.b)
L.a__d = line: new (z.a,z.d)
L.d__b = line: new (z.d,z.b)
-- L.c__d = line: new (z.c,z.d)
-- z.i =intersection_ll_ (L.a__b,L.c__d)

va = tostring(c__d)
 for i in pairs(L) do
   if i == va then 
   else
      _, _,ft, sd = string.find( "c__d", "(.+)__(.+)" )    
      L["ft__sd"] = line: new (z.ft,z.sd)  -- wrong !
      --  tex.print(ft..'__'..sd)   -- to show the values of ft and sd
     break
   end
 end

 -- the next code is here to show the different values
for i,k in pairs(L) do
 tex.print(tostring(k)..";"..tostring(i))
 for u,v in pairs(k)  
    do 
       tex.print(tostring(v)) 
  end
 tex.print('\\')
 end
end{elements}

begin{tikzpicture}
 tkzGetNodes

 tkzDrawLines[add=1 and 1](a,b c,d)
 tkzDrawPoints(a,b,c,d)
tkzLabelPoints(a,b,c,d)
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}

Some explanations: 4 points are defined then 4 lines but I commented the last one L.c__d to show my problem.
The code allows to get the intersection of two lines if they are defined. I would like to find a test to know if one of them is not defined and in this case create it automatically.
Having commented L.c__d = line: new (z.c,z.d) this line is no longer defined. So I parse the expression representing this line with the string.find function and get ft and sd which point to c and d.

Question: How can I use ft and sd to get L.c__d = line: new (z.c,z.d)?

enter image description here

AppImage .desktop file not showing on dock

I’m on Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS.
I have two .desktop executable files for the Keet AppImage in my .local/share/applications folder.
I didn´t create them they have been created by the app I suppose.
However they are both not showing on my dock (I have Dash to Dock installed).
All the others AppImages are showing.
If I run them form the terminal with gtk-launch keet or gtk-launch appimagekit_8d9752879526b100ab8504901c9bd0a4-Keet the app starts succesfully.
Removing one of the two files and restarting the system does not fix the issue.
What can be the reason and how can I solve the issue?
The content of the files is:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Keet
Exec=/home/giovanni/snap/Keet_7695b52a4e54b87f751f760f6ab65255.AppImage %U
Terminal=false
Icon=keet
Type=Application
StartupWMClass=Keet
X-AppImage-Version=1.0.1
Comment=Keet
MimeType=x-scheme-handler/punch;x-scheme-handler/holepunch

and :

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Keet
Exec=/home/giovanni/snap/Keet_7695b52a4e54b87f751f760f6ab65255.AppImage
Icon=appimagekit_8d9752879526b100ab8504901c9bd0a4_keet
Type=Application
Categories=Network;AudioVideo;

TryExec=/home/giovanni/snap/Keet_7695b52a4e54b87f751f760f6ab65255.AppImage
X-AppImage-Old-Icon=keet
X-AppImage-Identifier=8d9752879526b100ab8504901c9bd0a4
Actions=Remove;
X-AppImageLauncher-Version=2.2.0 (git commit 0f91801), built on 2020-09-29 21:36:15 UTC

How to install Ubuntu server 20.04 with UEFI (non gui)

I have done this before but the current ISO installer does not match my notes from previous installs.

ISO: ubuntu-20.04.5-live-server-amd64 using non gui installer via idrac.

get to disk partitioning
select disk
enter image description here

the only option is to add a GPT partition

enter image description here

and no option to format as ESP.

How should I create a /boot partition for UEFI?

All the stuff I turned up in searching used the GUI install where the dialogue was different.

Elements of the coset G/H, where G=$GL^+$(2) and H=SO(2)

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In this paper1 in section 2, a method to write the elements of the coset of G/H is provided for GL(4), but I am interested in $GL^+$(2).

My matrix representation of $mathfrak{gl}(2)$ is

$$
begin{bmatrix}
a+x& -b+y\
b+y & a-x
end{bmatrix}
$$

My matrix representation of $mathfrak{so}(2)$ is

$$
begin{bmatrix}
0& -b\
b & 0
end{bmatrix}
$$


Reading the paper, it states that the element g of G can be decomposed as g=$gamma$h, where

$$
gamma = exp left( begin{bmatrix}
a+x& +y\
y & a-x
end{bmatrix} right) in G/H
$$

and where

$$
h = exp left( begin{bmatrix}
0& -b\
b & 0
end{bmatrix} right) in H
$$

Is this correct, or no?

I am suspicious of the argument, because to me

$$
exp left( begin{bmatrix}
a+x& y\
y & a-x
end{bmatrix} right)exp left( begin{bmatrix}
0& -b\
b & 0
end{bmatrix} right) neq exp left( begin{bmatrix}
a+x& -b+y\
b+y & a-x
end{bmatrix} right)
$$

Thus, $gamma h$ does not appear to realize all elements of $G$. Or do we not care about some missing elements for cosets?

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Project not working after moving to WSL directory

My dockerized Lumen project had slow response time so according to advices I moved my project from my classic path C:Mgrlumen_laravellumenmysql to wsl.localhostUbuntuhomesamolumenmysql, then created Z: drive so I can open terminal in that location and run “docker-compose up -d”.
In previous adress it was working.I didnt change any code and have got error. Any advices? Thank you.

error in docker

2023-03-21 22:49:00 AH00112: Warning: DocumentRoot [/var/www/html/public] does not exist

According to docker inspect Mount info it exists

/VAR/WWW/HTML Z:homesamolumenmysql

docker-compose.yml

version: '3.8'

services:


   mysqldb:
    image: mysql:5.7
    container_name : mysqldb
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - ${DOCKER_MYSQL_VOLUME:-/opt/db_data}:/var/lib/mysql
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    environment:
     MYSQL_DATABASE: diplomovka
     MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 1234

   phpmyadmin:
     image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
     container_name: phpmyadmin
     environment:
       PMA_HOST: mysqldb
       DB_READ_HOST: mysqldb
     ports:
       - "3400:80"
     depends_on:
       - mysqldb

   app:
     container_name: Lumen
     build:
       context: .
       dockerfile: Dockerfile
     volumes:
       - ./:/var/www/html
     restart: ${DOCKER_RESTART_POLICY:-always}
     ports:
       - "9000:80"
     working_dir: /var/www/html
     environment:
       MYSQL_HOST: mysqldb
       MYSQL_USER: root
       MYSQL_PASSWORD: 1234
       MYSQL_PORT: 3306

vhost.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName localhost

    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/public

    <Directory "/var/www/html">
        AllowOverride all
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Dockerfile

FROM php:7.4.19-apache

WORKDIR /var/www/html

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y  
        zlib1g-dev 
        libzip-dev 
        libonig-dev 
        curl 

    && docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql 
    && docker-php-ext-install mysqli 
    && docker-php-source delete

COPY ./vhost.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

COPY ./ ./

RUN curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer

RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html 
    && a2enmod rewrite

RUN cd /var/www/html && composer install && php artisan key:generate

Using Root Test to see whether $sum_{n=1}^{infty}frac{n^{n+frac{1}{n}}}{(n+frac{1}{n})^{n}}$ converges

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This exercise specifically requires that we use the root test to determine whether the series converges or not.

All I’ve done so far is get the sequence in this form:
$$sqrt[n] frac{n^{n+frac{1}{n}}}{(n+frac{1}{n})^{n}} = sqrt frac{n^{(1+n^{-2})n}}{(n+frac{1}{n})^n}=frac{n^{1+n^{-2}}}{n+frac{1}{n}} = frac{n^{frac{n^2+1}{n^{2}}}}{n^{2}+1}$$

But, I’m not even sure if I’m on the right track here. Any guidance is appreciated.

Edit: I showed my effort. I didn’t tell anyone to solve it for me. Not sure why the downvotes..

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curious GoldenRatio identity

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I would like to verify the following identity but I don’t know how mathematics says that it is equal to numerically.
$$prod _{k=0}^{infty } sqrt{frac{phi ^{2^{-k-1}} left(phi ^{2^{-k}}+1right)}{phi ^{2^{1-k}}+1}}=frac{sqrt{2}}{sqrt[4]{5}}$$

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